See -ed in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-it, -ed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ode"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ode",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ed, -od, the past participle endings of weak verbs. It also frequently functions as a past tense ending via the apocope of -ede (from Old English -ode, the past tense ending of class 2 weak verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-et",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-it",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ed",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the past tense and past participle of weak verbs."
],
"id": "en--ed-enm-suffix-LQ6Paayz",
"links": [
[
"weak verbs",
"weak verb#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-hede"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -hede"
],
"id": "en--ed-enm-suffix-g~4C6dwP",
"links": [
[
"-hede",
"-hede#Middle_English"
]
],
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],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-it, -ed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ode"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ode",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ed, -od, the past participle endings of weak verbs. It also frequently functions as a past tense ending via the apocope of -ede (from Old English -ode, the past tense ending of class 2 weak verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-et",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-it",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the past tense and past participle of weak verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"weak verbs",
"weak verb#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
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],
"etymology_number": 2,
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-hede"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -hede"
],
"links": [
[
"-hede",
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]
],
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}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ed meaning in Middle English (2.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (f3d3fdb and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.